Gptp protocol. Ports and DPI information on the GTP-C protocol.

Gptp protocol. GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) Used on: the Gn and Gp interfaces of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); the Iu, Gn and Gp interfaces of the UMTS system. 0 Release 15) The GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP-based communications protocols used within GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G NR radio networks. Making gPTP Capable for Secure Time Synchronization gPTP is facing the same security threats like any other Ethernet protocol Attack scenarios, such as Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, Replay Attacks, Spoofing Attacks and Denial of Service Attacks, will also affect time synchronization acc. Primarily it is the protocol which allows end users of a GSM or WCDMA network to move from place to place while continuing to connect to the Internet as if from one location at the Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN). In 3GPP architectures, GTP and Proxy Mobile IPv6 based interfaces are specified on various interface points. 274, which modifies and enhances the GPRS Tunneling Protocol used in 2G and 3G mobile networks. In the automotive environment this time base can be used in both Audio/Video applications and Control applications to provide synchronization between events. 1AS controls synchronization across a series of nodes connected by Ethernet cables, switches, and bridges by automatically designating a grandmaster clock using the Best Master MAC Bridge Higher Layer Entities Relay — Control protocols are implemented as Higher Layer Entities — External Agent (SDN Controller) may provide control instead of the distributed protocols — The data plane is comprised of — A MAC Relay and — At least two ports Media Access Method Specific Functions IEEE 802. 1Q-2005. Generalized Precision Time Protocol (GPTP) and Audio Video Bridging (AVB) protocols are very important functions under the new E / E vehicle architecture. gPTP consists of simplifications and constraints to PTP to optimize it to time-sensitive applications. This is a Layer 3 tunneling protocol. org> and Andreas Schultz <aschultz @ tpip. GTP originally intro-duced in Global System for Mobile Communica-tions (GSM) 2G, continued to be a crucial part of General Packet Radio Service (GRPS) 2. The European Telecommunications Standards Oct 14, 2019 · This document provides a technical background on how the GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is used. 1AS standard specifies the use of IEEE 1588 specifications, where applicable, in the context of IEEE Std 802. It measures link delays to neighboring gPTP network nodes periodically. Dec 28, 2024 · The Diameter, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) are critical components of 4G/5G networks, ensuring secure signaling, reliable data transmission, and seamless communication between network elements. GTP-U protocol is used over S1-U, X2, S4, S5 and S8 interfaces of the Evolved Packet System (EPS). PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is a high-precision time synchronization protocol capable of achieving microsecond to nanosecond-level accuracy, which defined by IEEE 1588. The paper explains the gPTP algorithm, the methods of implementing gPTP, and the TI Ethernet PHYs that support gPTP. So why do every generation of mobile data networks from GSM/GPRS in 2000, to 5G NR Standalone in 2020, rely on this one protocol for transporting user data? GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is an important protocol in LTE networks, used across various interfaces within the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). 1AS (gPTP) provides the high-accuracy synchronization which is the foundation of Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), what the challenges are for testing and developing Automotive gPTP, and recommended best practice for proving synchronization performance of devices and networks. The time synchronization is done periodically and the clock module is set. The IEs are included in all Jul 17, 2019 · GTP-C and GTP-U run on top of the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) IP in UDP tunneling is only used for GTP-U GTP-C packet is sent through the UDP port 2123 GTP-U packet is sent through the UDP port 2152 GPRS Tunneling protocol is an IP/UDP based protocol used in GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. Part of the IEEE 802. Nov 26, 2019 · All gPTP protocols are layer 2 (Ethernet), which greatly reduces complexity for hardware or logic-based solutions. Furthermore, 1588 allows application-specific ‘profiles’ to be developed for particular needs, resulting in the IEEE 802. The GTP-C protocol is essential for the operation of the GPRS network and enables the transmission of data packets between the mobile station and external networks. 1AS general PTP (gPTP) profile being developed (originally for Audio-Video Bridging applications) and being Specification # 29. Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) ensures high-precision time synchronization across networked devices, crucial for time-sensitive applications like industrial automation, telecommunications, and audio-video systems. 1AS, a TSN standard, can provide time synchronization for automotive applications with millisecond to nanosecond accuracy. Phonetic The […] May 1, 2022 · GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a group of internet protocol (IP) based protocols defining the procedures for communications through tunnels between endpoints for signaling and data transfer across mobile networks. Oct 10, 2025 · The IEEE 802. GTP can be decomposed into separate protocols, GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP. GTP consists of three separate sub-protocols, GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP'. GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP -based communications protocols used to carry general packet radio service (GPRS) within GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G NR radio networks. 1D-2004 and IEEE Std 802. The GPRS Tunneling Protocol refers to a group of IP-based protocols used to carry general packet radio service (GPRS) in mobile communications. Our study uncovers the root causes of software PTP synchronization errors. One & Two Step 3⁄4 1-Step PathDelay measurement (PTP 1-Step path delay measurement do not carry T2 back to the PDelay requester, for a accurate path delay measurement neighbor frequency offset is important) => another reason why gPTP use 2-Step Path Delay measurement Jun 12, 2020 · Mobile & Wireless GTP Vulnerabilities Expose 4G/5G Networks to High-Impact Attacks Vulnerabilities in the GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) expose 4G and 5G cellular networks to a variety of attacks, including denial-of-service, user impersonation, and fraud, Positive Technologies security researchers warn. The individual protocols for the respective physical bus are implemented in the Bus Providers, whereby the Ethernet Bus Provider uses the “generalized Precision Time Protocol” (gPTP) based on IEEE 802. All calculations are made using 16-B math representing EPOCH time with a resolution down to the 2 (-16) nanoseconds to prevent any loss of precision. GPRS tunnelling protocol (GTP) GPRS Tunnelling Protocol is the defining IP -based protocol of the GPRS core network. The gPTP Test Suite is a Defensics test suite designed for testing the robustness of gPTP Jul 28, 2011 · The GPRS Tunneling Protocol Support feature provides firewall support for General Packet Radio Switching (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol (GTP). 060 Sep 3, 2025 · Mobile network operators use the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) on various interfaces in roaming, Radio Access Network (RAN), and cellular IoT (CIoT) deployments and within the packet core in 3G and 4G networks. This video introduces how they work and are used in the S32K3-T-BOX reference design. The slave and master ports specify where are the connected gPTP network nodes and their roles in the time synchronization domain. 1AS-2011 standard (Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications in Bridged Local Area Networks). 1AS generalized precision time protocol (gPTP) is a standard based on IEEE 1588 that is better optimized for time-sensitive applications. 5G, Universal Aug 28, 2023 · Enabling GTP security on Palo Alto Networks ® firewalls allows you to protect the mobile core network infrastructure from malformed GTP packets, denial of service attacks, and out-of-state GTP messages, and also allows you to protect mobile subscribers from spoofed IP packets and overbilling attacks. The Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) specified also as IEEE 802. You can also find related protocols in the infrastructure category. Inheritance diagram The following diagram shows 19. gPTP also introduces the Grand Master Aug 23, 2023 · Definition GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP-based communication protocols used in 3G, 4G, and 5G wireless networks. 1AS gPTP profile. 1AS standard, gPTP offers scalability, compatibility, and fault tolerance. It is also intended, through the use of auxiliary programs, to make it easier for go programmers to connect to go servers on the internet and do automatic regression 7. GTPv2 enhances the GTP Application Inspection and Control (AIC) policies to provide security to subscriber data. 1 (Figure 3). Juniper Networks provides solutions to many of the security problems plaguing GPRS network operators. Learn how gPTP is used for time synchronization in industrial control systems and distributed networks. Audience: Technical security practitioner Resource The flow of GPRS protocol stack and end-to-end message from MS to the GGSN is displayed in the below diagram. Although this standard is based on the precision time protocol (PTP) described in IEEE Std 1588-2008 (and, indeed, is a proper profile of 1588 in particular configurations) there are differences which This module implements the IEEE 802. Learn how P1 Security’s solutions help protect GTP traffic from cyber threats and ensure network security. GTP is the protocol used between the SGSN and GGSN using the Gn interface. In this talk we will provide an overview of the main concepts of time synchr The net-shell command “ net gptp ” will print out general gPTP information. 1AS provides an accurate time base to all time aware elements in an Ethernet network. This specification defines methods to measure gPTP recovered Time synchronization is one of the core functionalities of TSN, and it is specified by IEEE 802. GTP-C is used on the control plane inside mobile core network Contribute to Avnu/gptp development by creating an account on GitHub. Mastering these protocols is essential for telecom professionals aiming to optimize network performance, troubleshoot errors, and ensure efficient Nov 26, 2019 · The entire gPTP protocol was implemented in custom logic (FPGA) making all packet parsing, packet transmission, calculations, and clock adjustments highly deterministic. It carries packets within GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. PTP was led by John Edison in 1588 for the standardization and was published in the year 2002. 20 guidelines for securing GTP protocol in mobile networks. It includes requirements and profiles for audio, video, industrial automation, and other applications. For communication systems built using Ethernet, PTP (Precision Time Protocol, defined in IEEE1588-2008) provides a highly accurate method of transferring time. 8). 0 introduced a new interface, the Go Text Protocol, abbreviated GTP. GTP encapsulates data packets, ensuring efficient and reliable data transfer. 1 Introduction and overview This protocol specification specifies the format, message sequences and semantics of the AUTOSAR Time synchronization Protocol. This page focuses on the theoretical background and core mechanisms that enable precise time synchronization across a network. 1 AS) can synchronize clocks in a network with high accuracy, which is useful for TSN, among others. The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. Apr 12, 2023 · GPRS Tunneling Protocol in User Plane (GTP-U) is a protocol used in mobile networks to transport user data packets between the base station and the serving gateway. Understand the clock types, BMCA, P2P delay, and Linux PTP stack in IEEE 802. gPTP is a profile from IEEE 1588, also known as Precision Time Protocol (PTP). 1as protocol also known as gPTP. We investigate both software and hardware PTP implemen-tations. GTP version one is used only on UDP. It is a modern alternative to the Go Modem Protocol, GMP, and may potentially replace this for use in Go tournaments in the future. Apr 12, 2023 · GTP-C is based on the IP protocol and uses a tunneling mechanism to transport control plane messages between the various network elements. This module New Automotive gPTP Applications and Their Performance Needs Don Pannell, Fellow Automotive Ethernet Networking, NXP Semiconductor Layer 2 security for Precision time protocol frames for Automotive Ethernet Verification challenges & solutions for PTP over MacSec. This is done through the high-precision, fast synchronization of the timers of all network participants in a distributed system. Using gPTP Goals The Generic Precision Time Protocol (gPTP, IEEE 802. It is a protocol that is used to establish, maintain and terminate tunnels between the mobile devices and the core network. Introduction ¶ Time synchronization is one of the core functionalities of TSN, and it is specified by IEEE 802. The Time synchronization Protocol handles the distribution of time information over Ethernet. The control plane Nov 10, 2019 · This post covers all generations of mobile data (2. It can be used with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) on the registered port 3386. 1AS is a standard for transporting time synchronization in TSN networks, based on IEEE Std 1588 (PTP). It includes the maintenance of synchronized time during normal operation and following the addition, removal, or failure of a network component. It outlines potential attacks and exploitation possibilities and assesses the associated risk. GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP-based communications protocols used to carry general packet radio service (GPRS) within GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G NR radio networks. Its primary functions include creating, modifying, and deleting tunnels for transporting IP data. GPRS Tunnelling Protocol is employed on the Gn interface in order to tunnel user data between different GSN (GPRS Support Node). e. When is it needed? With gPTP (Generalized Precision Time Protocol) it is possible to precisely synchronize distributed systems in time and safety critical applications. Learn about its features, applications, and differences from standard PTP in this blog post by Douglas Arnold. Abstract Emerging mobile applications involving distributed control and sensing call for accurate time synchronization over wire-less links. It includes distributed device Definition GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a group of internet protocol (IP) based protocols defining the procedures for communications through tunnels between endpoints for signaling and data transfer across mobile networks. GTP is a set of three separate protocols: GTP Control (GTP-C), GTP User (GTP-U), and GTP Prime. This is required in achieving the exchange of messages For communication systems built using Ethernet, PTP (Precision Time Protocol, defined in IEEE1588-2008) provides a highly accurate method of transferring time. n, Explore GTP-C (GPRS Tunneling Protocol Control Plane), its crucial role in 4G and 5G networks, message types, procedures, and security measures. Nov 30, 2023 · In 5G (fifth generation) networks, the GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) tunnel plays a crucial role in the communication between various elements of the core network, specifically between the UPF (User Plane Function) and the SMF (Session Management Function). to gPTP, used in many automotive Ethernet applications. Aug 28, 2023 · Enabling GTP security on Palo Alto Networks ® firewalls allows you to protect the mobile core network infrastructure from malformed GTP packets, denial of service attacks, and out-of-state GTP messages, and also allows you to protect mobile subscribers from spoofed IP packets and overbilling attacks. GSM, UMTS, LTE & NR all have one protocol in common – GTP – The GPRS Tunneling Protocol. Control Plane of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTPv2-C is used on the EPC signaling interfaces (including SGSNs of at least Rel. Jan 15, 2025 · Learn how IEEE 802. Oct 2, 2020 · The GPRS Tunneling Protocol includes both the GTP control plane (GTP-C) and the GTP user plane (GTP-U) providing procedures for data transfer. GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) in 5G: 1. The baseis for the accuracy he hardware-based exact determination of the transmit and receive times of messages. For example − S3 (between SGSN and MME), S4 (between SGSN and Serving GW), S5 and S8 (between Serving GW and PDN GW), S10 (between two MMEs), and S11 (between MME and Serving GW). It eliminates the path delay mechanism in favor of the peer delay mechanism and it mandates that all bridges in the path between a time-aware device and the GM must be time-aware (i. Jun 24, 2024 · Overview of IEEE 802. It is a main protocol in 2G/3G/4G/5G mobile networks, it allows seamless data and signalling connectivity between network nodes. This protocol is used to synchronize clocks of different types of devices. Aug 28, 2023 · Mobile network operators use the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) on various interfaces in roaming, Radio Access Network (RAN), and cellular IoT (CIoT) deployments and within the packet core in 3G and 4G networks. net> In ‘drivers/net/gtp. I see in Switch Engine v33. Corresponding to this, a typical GTPv2-C protocol data unit like shown in the figure Apr 22, 2021 · GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) is an IP-based group of connection protocols, used in GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks. Apr 24, 2025 · GPRS Tunneling Protocol is a crucial suite of IP based communication protocols. For detailed implementation specifics, see the System Architecture page. So why do every generation of mobile data networks from GSM/GPRS in 2000, to 5G NR Standalone in 2020, rely on this one protocol for transporting user data Why GTP? GTP refers to "GPRS Tunneling Protocol". The information elements (IEs) provide information about GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) tunnels, such as creation, modification, deletion, and status. One benefit of gPTP and PTP regarding robustness is that both use the BMCA. Jul 9, 2025 · Difference between PTP, gPTP and NTP 1. 1 General This clause provides a model for understanding the operation of the generalized precision time protocol (gPTP), which specifies the operation of time-aware systems on a bridged LAN. GTP delivers its services for General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) core network. 1AS general PTP (gPTP) profile being developed (originally for Audio-Video Bridging applications) and being Feb 6, 2014 · structure through which the data are communicated. [1] PTP is used to synchronize financial transactions, mobile phone tower transmissions, sub-sea IEEE Std 802. The intention was to make an interface that is better suited for machine-machine communication than the ascii interface and simpler, more powerful, and more flexible than the Go Modem Protocol. Therefore, the delay in a gPTP network can be assumed to be constant. Apr 2, 2013 · General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol Version 2 (GTPv2) is introduced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 29. Version zero of the protocol supports both signalling and user data under one generic header. Wireshark The Dec 9, 2024 · This document outlines how IEEE 802. In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems. 1AS, also known as Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP). 1AS) are two related protocols for highly accurate time synchronization over different transmission media. In this profile, time synchronization is specified by IEEE 802. Specified in 3GPP TS 29. For port 1, the command “ net gptp 1 ” will print detailed information about port 1 statistics etc. In the GPRS architecture, the fundamental cause of security threats to an operator’s network is the inherent lack of security in the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP). Ports and DPI information on the GTP-C protocol. provide transparent clock functionality). The Precision Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE 1588) and the Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP, IEEE 802. Key PTP Concepts Relevant source files This document explains the fundamental concepts of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and how they are implemented in the gPTPd system. Note that executing the shell command could affect the timing of the sent or received gPTP packets and the grandmaster might mark the device as non AS capable and disable it. Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a promising technology for achieving submicrosecond s nchronization accuracy between IEDs over Ethernet. Oct 29, 2024 · Solved: Hello there, am new to Extreme Networks. In this showcase we demonstrate how to configure gPTP master clocks, bridges, and end stations to achieve reliable time synchronization throughout the whole network. 1 The Go Text Protocol GNU Go 3. It needs to be read in conjunction with IR. This paper presents the protocol fundamentals and discusses considerations for designing power sy With gPTP (Generalized Precision Time Protocol) it is possible to precisely synchronize distributed systems in time and safety critical applications. gPTP also introduces the Grand Master (GM) role which . The Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) provides an accurate time base to all elements in an Ethernet network. GTP is a protocol used for the transmission of user data between The Linux kernel GTP tunneling module ¶ Documentation by Harald Welte <laforge @ gnumonks. GTP-U that carries user data tunnels within the GPRS core network, and between the radio access […] Dec 13, 2023 · GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a key protocol in mobile networks, and it plays a crucial role in the functioning of both 4G LTE and 5G networks. It is used to encapsulate user data when passing through core network and also carries bearer specific signalling traffic between various core network entities. We LTE; General Packet Radio System (GPRS) Tunnelling Protocol User Plane (GTPv1-U) (3GPP TS 29. GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is an IP -based protocol that carries session information between nodes within a Mobile network. GTP provides a way to transmit user data and control signals over the network between the network’s gateway and the end device. Setting up Linux Host If you need Explore GSMA FS. GPRS is a data network architecture, which integrates with existing Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) networks and provides always-on packet switched data services to corporate networks and the Internet. c’ you are finding a kernel-level implementation of a GTP tunnel endpoint. It is especially important in the roaming service within mobile networks. It then presents countermeasures for Operators to protect their networks against GTP-related attacks. Overview: * GTP is a group of IP-based communications protocols used to carry General Packet Radio Service Oct 11, 2022 · Precision Time Protocol gPTP explained in 5 minutesWhat seems simple is complex. The Go Text Protocol, GTP, is a text based protocol for communication with computer go programs. Like 1588, 802. 5 -> 5G), so I’m using generic terms. 1 Introduction The Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) provides an accurate time base to all time aware elements in an Ethernet network. Apr 12, 2023 · GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a protocol used in mobile networks to enable the transport of data between the mobile devices and the core network. The Tunnel Endpoint ID (TEID) which is present in the GTP header indicates which tunnel a particular T-PDU belongs to. Dec 8, 2020 · The gPTP protocol (part of the TSN standards) demands special HW on all end notes and switches. GPRS Tunneling protocol is an important IP/UDP based protocol used in GSM, UMTS and LTE core networks. 281 version 15. This paper systematically studies the performance of Precision Time Protocol (PTP) in today’s Wi-Fi networks. 060 History XXX - add a brief description of PROTO history Protocol dependencies Example traffic XXX - Add example decoded traffic for this protocol here (as plain text or Wireshark screenshot). Mar 27, 2024 · gPTP is a PTP profile that runs on Ethernet and Wi-Fi and uses Peer Delay to measure network latency. The Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) synchronizes timekeeping across a network so that requirements for time-sensitive applications can be met. The IEEE 802. Applications such as Audio/Video and Automotive/Industrial Control rely on the time provided by this protocol for synchronization of events. 3. Precision Time Jul 9, 2023 · Generic Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) [3], a profile of PTP, is designed to have low latency and jitter, which makes it suitable for industrial applications. 4G/LTE - Core Network GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) When a data is transferred from Radio Stack (eNB) to Core Network it goes through various Interfaces as illustrated in Figure 1 of Network Architecture and Interface page. GTP is a specific type This gPTP stack supports the protocol and procedures as defined in the IEEE 802. GTP also lists the messages and information elements used by the GTP based charging protocol GTP’, which is defined for the interface between Call Detail Record (CDR) generating functional network elements and Charging… Read More »Introduction The GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is defined by the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) standards to carry General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) within third generation (3G) or fourth generation (4G) networks. The BMCA adaptively chooses a new reference clock if the original one fails. Learn about the differences between GTP-C and GTP-U and how this protocol enhances mobile connectivity. 1AS Generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is defined in IEEE 1588 as Precision Clock Synchronization for Networked Measurements and Control Systems. What is GTP ¶ GTP is the Generic Tunnel Protocol, which is a 3GPP protocol used for tunneling User-IP payload between a mobile station (phone, modem) and Feb 4, 2021 · What seems simple is complex. Jul 23, 2025 · Prerequisite – Protocols in Application Layer Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol that promotes the synchronization of clocks throughout a computer network. Oct 9, 2022 · Overview ¶ This gPTP stack supports the protocol and procedures as defined in the IEEE 802. GTP is the protocol used between GPRS support nodes (GSNs). Jan 18, 2024 · Let me explain to you the GTP protocol in LTE, which is something you’ll often hear about when diving into how data actually flows across the mobile network. To account for data path delays, the gPTP protocol measures the frame residence time within each bridge (the time required for receiving, processing, queuing and transmission of timing information from the ingress to egress ports), and the link latency of each hop (a propagation delay between two adjacent bridges). It is designed for environments that require strict time coordination, such as industrial automation and communication systems. GTP-U Tunnels are used to carry encapsulated T-PDUs and signalling messages between a given pair of GTP-U Tunnel Endpoints. 88. 11 User Guide that: The Precision Time Protocol is currently - 116531 GL's Message Automation & Protocol Simulation (MAPS™) designed for testing LTE S3, S4, S5, S8, S10, S11 and S16 (eGTP) interfaces can simulate MME (Mobility Management Entity), SGW (Serving Gateway), and PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway) network elements. Package gtp provides simple and painless handling of GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) in the Go programming language. Mar 24, 2020 · GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP-based communication protocols used to carry packet data within GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks. Jan 12, 2022 · GTP is a fundamental workhorse of mobile user plane packet data. When the data go through these interface, they get encapsulated by various tunnel protocol as in Figure 2 of Network Architecture and Interface page. GTP allows mobile subscribers to use their phones (user equipment) to maintain a connection to a Packet Data Network (PDN) for internet access while on the move. In this talk we will provide an overview of the main concepts of time synchronization for embedded systems. xx wap30h lh9lo ypfra3 bf1ciqy ycif 5pb l4irb icuoav tvfv